In Situ Sensing System for Biological Toxin in HABs

The increasing occurrence of harmful algal blooms (HABs) in water resources worldwide is alarming the environmental and health authorities because of their potential to release lethal biological toxins, in particular, microcystins (MCs) produced from cyanobacterial HABs. To detect MCs, it is required to develop highly sensitive optical sensors. Our work is focused on the development of the readout circuit for the optical sensors.